LS(1) LS(1)
NAME
ls, lc - list contents of directory
SYNOPSIS
ls [ -dlnpqrstu ] name ...
lc [ -dlnpqrstu ] name ...
DESCRIPTION
For each directory argument, ls lists the contents of the
directory; for each file argument, ls repeats its name and
any other information requested. When no argument is given,
the current directory is listed. By default, the output is
sorted alphabetically by name.
Lc is the same as ls, but sets the -p option and pipes the
output through mc(1).
There are a number of options:
-d If argument is a directory, list it, not its contents.
-l List in long format, giving mode (see below), file sys-
tem type (e.g., for devices, the # code letter that
names it; see Intro(4)), the instance or subdevice num-
ber, owner, group, size in bytes, and time of last mod-
ification for each file.
-n Don't sort the listing.
-p Print only the final path element of each file name.
-q List the qid (see stat(2)) of each file.
-r Reverse the order of sort.
-s Give size in Kbytes for each entry.
-t Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of by
name.
-u Under -t sort by time of last access; under -l print
time of last access.
The mode printed under the -l option contains 11 characters,
interpreted as follows: the first character is
d if the entry is a directory;
a if the entry is an append-only file;
- if the entry is a plain file.
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LS(1) LS(1)
The next letter is l if the file is exclusive access (one
writer or reader at a time).
The last 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three
bits each. The first set refers to owner permissions; the
next to permissions to others in the same user-group; and
the last to all others. Within each set the three charac-
ters indicate permission respectively to read, to write, or
to execute the file as a program. For a directory, `exe-
cute' permission is interpreted to mean permission to search
the directory for a specified file. The permissions are
indicated as follows:
r if the file is readable;
w if the file is writable;
x if the file is executable;
- if none of the above permissions is granted.
SEE ALSO
stat(2) mc(1)
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