GRAP(1) GRAP(1)
NAME
grap - pic preprocessor for drawing graphs
SYNOPSIS
grap [ file ... ]
DESCRIPTION
Grap is a pic(1) preprocessor for drawing graphs on a type-
setter. Graphs are surrounded by the troff `commands' .G1
and .G2. Data are scaled and plotted, with tick marks sup-
plied automatically. Commands exist to modify the frame,
add labels, override the default ticks, change the plotting
style, define coordinate ranges and transformations, and
include data from files. In addition, grap provides the
same loops, conditionals, and macro processing that pic
does.
frame ht e wid e top dotted ...: Set the frame around the
graph to specified ht and wid; default is 2 by 3 (inches).
The line styles (dotted, dashed, invis, solid (default)) of
the sides (top, bot, left, right) of the frame can be set
independently.
label side "a label" "as a set of strings" adjust: Place
label on specified side; default side is bottom. adjust is
up (or down left right) expr to shift default position;
width expr sets the width explicitly.
ticks side in at optname expr, expr, ...: Put ticks on side
at expr, ..., and label with "expr". If any expr is followed
by "...", label tick with "...", and turn off all automatic
labels. If "..." contains %f's, they will be interpreted as
printf formatting instructions for the tick value. Ticks
point in or out (default out). Tick iterator: instead of at
..., use from expr to expr by op expr where op is optionally
+-*/ for additive or multiplicative steps. by can be omit-
ted, to give steps of size 1. If no ticks are requested,
they are supplied automatically; suppress this with ticks
off. Automatic ticks normally leave a margin of 7% on each
side; set this to anything by margin = expr.
grid side linedesc at optname expr, expr, ...: Draw grids
perpendicular to side in style linedesc at expr, .... Itera-
tors and labels work as with ticks.
coord optname x min, max y min, max log x log y: Set range
of coords and optional log scaling on either or both. This
overrides computation of data range. Default value of
optname is current coordinate system (each coord defines a
new coordinate system).
Page 1 Plan 9 (printed 12/28/24)
GRAP(1) GRAP(1)
plot "str" at point; "str" at point: Put str at point. Text
position can be qualified with rjust, ljust, above, below
after "...".
line from point to point linedesc: Draw line from here to
there. arrow works in place of line.
next optname at point linedesc: Continue plot of data in
optname to point; default is current.
draw optname linedesc ...: Set mode for next: use this style
from now on, and plot "..." at each point (if given).
new optname linedesc ...: Set mode for next, but disconnect
from previous.
A list of numbers x y1 y2 y3 ... is treated as plot bullet
at x,y1; plot bullet at x,y2; etc., or as next at x,y1 etc.,
if draw is specified. Abscissae of 1,2,3,... are provided
if there is only one input number per line.
A point optname expr, expr maps the point to the named coor-
dinate system. A linedesc is one of dot dash invis solid
optionally followed by an expression.
define name {whatever}: Define a macro. There are macros
already defined for standard plotting symbols like bullet,
circle, star, plus, etc., in /sys/lib/grap.defines, which is
included if it exists.
var = expr: Evaluate an expression. Operators are + - * and
/. Functions are log and exp (both base 10), sin, cos,
sqrt; rand returns random number on [0,1); max(e,e),
min(e,e), int(e).
print expr; print "...": As a debugging aid, print expr or
string on the standard error.
copy "file name": Include this file right here.
copy thru macro: Pass rest of input (until .G2) through
macro, treating each field (non-blank, or "...") as an argu-
ment. macro can be the name of a macro previously defined,
or the body of one in place, like /plot $1 at $2,$3/.
copy thru macro until "string": Stop copy when input is
string (left-justified).
pic remainder of line: Copy to output with leading blanks
removed.
graph Name pic-position: Start a new frame, place it at
Page 2 Plan 9 (printed 12/28/24)
GRAP(1) GRAP(1)
specified position, e.g., graph Thing2 with .sw at Thing1.se
+ (0.1,0). Name must be capitalized to keep pic happy.
.anything at beginning of line: Copied verbatim.
sh %anything %: Pass everything between the %'s to the
shell; as with macros, % may be any character and anything
may include newlines.
# anything: A comment, which is discarded.
Order is mostly irrelevant; no category is mandatory. Any
arguments on the .G1 line are placed on the generated .PS
line for pic.
EXAMPLES
.G1
frame ht 1 top invis right invis
coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
label bot "silly graph"
label left "left side label" "here"
grid left dashed at 2.5
copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
1 1
2 1.5
3 2
4 1.5
10 3
.G2
frame ht 1 top invis right invis
coord x 0, 10 y 1, 3 log y
ticks left in at 1 "bottommost tick", 2,3 "top tick"
ticks bot in from 0 to 10 by 2
label bot "silly graph"
label left "left side label" "here"
grid left dashed at 2.5
copy thru / circle at $1,$2 /
1 1
2 1.5
3 2
4 1.5
10 3
FILES
/sys/lib/grap.defines definitions of standard plotting
characters, e.g., bullet
SOURCE
/sys/src/cmd/grap
Page 3 Plan 9 (printed 12/28/24)
GRAP(1) GRAP(1)
SEE ALSO
pic(1), troff(1)
J. L. Bentley and B. W. Kernighan, ``GRAP-A Language for
Typesetting Graphs'', Unix Research System Programmer's Man-
ual, Tenth Edition, Volume 2.
Page 4 Plan 9 (printed 12/28/24)