TEX(1) TEX(1)
NAME
tex, latex, slitex, bibtex, dvips, dviselect, mf, mktexlsr -
text formatting and typesetting
SYNOPSIS
tex [ first-line ]
latex file[.tex]
slitex [ first-line ]
dvips [ option ... ] dvifile
dviselect [ -s ] [ -i infile ] [ -o outfile ] list of pages
[ infile [ outfile ] ]
bibtex auxname
mf [ first-line ]
mktexlsr
DESCRIPTION
Tex formats interspersed text and commands and outputs a
.dvi (`device independent') file.
An argument given on the command line behaves as the first
input line. That line should begin with a (possibly trun-
cated) file name or a \controlsequence. Thus tex paper pro-
cesses the file paper.tex. The base name of paper becomes
the jobname, and is used in forming output file names. If
no file is named, the jobname is texput. The default .tex
extension can be overridden by specifying an extension
explicitly.
The output is written on jobname.dvi, which can be printed
using lp(1). A log of error messages goes into jobname.log.
As well as the standard TeX fonts, many PostScript fonts can
be used (see the contents of /sys/lib/tex/fonts/psvf). The
file testfont.tex (in the standard macro directory) will
print a table of any font.
The following environment variables adjust the behavior of
tex. Search paths are lists of directories separated by
colons. The wildcard // may expand to any path, so
/sys/lib/texmf// means the entire tree rooted at
/sys/lib/texmf, and /usr//lib includes any directories named
lib that sit anywhere under /usr. Finally, braces may be
used to specify alternatives, so that /a/{b:c}/d means
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/a/b/d or /a/c/d.
If a directory contains a file called ls-R, that file is
used as an index of the hierarchy rooted there. These files
may be created with mktexlsr (see below) If a sought file is
not found in an ls-R listing, it is searched for by walking
the directory or directory hierarchy as specified. If the
path begins with !!, the search is constrained to only look
in the ls-R and not walk the hierarchy. Thus
!!/sys/lib/texmf// means the entire tree rooted at
/sys/lib/texmf, but only consulting /sys/lib/texmf/ls-R to
search for files.
TEXINPUTS
Search path for \input and \openin files. It should be
colon-separated, and start with dot. Default:
.:$home/lib/tex:!!/sys/lib/texmf/tex//
TFMFONTS
Search path for font metric files. Default:
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/tex/fonts//tfm//
PKFONTS
Search path for font bitmaps. Default:
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/fonts//pk//
TEXFORMATS
Search path for program format files. Default:
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/web2c
TEXPOOL
Search path for strings. Default:
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/web2c
TEXEDIT
Template for the switch-to-editor-on-error option, with %s
for the file name and %d for the line number. Default:
/bin/ed %s
MFINPUTS
Search path for Metafont input files. Default:
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/metafont//:!!/sys/lib/texmf/fonts//source//
MPINPUTS
Search path for MetaPost input files. Default:
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/metapost//
Slitex is a version of tex that is preloaded with a set of
macros useful for creating viewgraphs.
Latex is a version of tex with a standard set of macros
loaded. Latex produces file.dvi and a cross-referencing
file, file.aux. It might be necessary to run latex twice,
to get all of the cross-referencing done properly.
Bibtex is a bibliography processing program, often used in
conjunction with latex. Bibtex reads the top-level auxiliary
(.aux) file output by latex and creates a bibliography
(.bbl) file to be included in the LaTeX source file. The
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auxname on the command line should be given without an
extension. Each \cite in the source file is looked up in
bibliography files to gather together those used in the doc-
ument. Then a bibliography style file is executed to write
a \thebibliography environment.
The source file should have defined the bibliography (.bib)
files to search with the \bibliography command, and the bib-
liography style (.bst) file to execute with the
\bibliographystyle command. Bibtex searches the TEXINPUTS
path for .bst files, and the BIBINPUTS path (default
.:!!/sys/lib/texmf/bibtex//) for .bst files. The LaTeX man-
ual describes how to make bibliography files.
Dvips converts .dvi files to PostScript, writing the result
on standard output. It is normally invoked by lp(1), but if
invoked separately, the following options are useful:
-r reverse pages. -r0 means don't reverse pages (if
reversing is default).
-q0 Enable verbose chatter on standard error.
-Pdev output device: dev is one of ps (default for dvips),
psfonts, or bitmapfonts. The ps device uses
PostScript fonts wherever possible, quickly creating
small documents that are not very portable (since
most sites and printers don't have the necessary
PostScript fonts installed). The psfonts device
includes all necessary fonts in the files, and thus
quickly creates large portable documents. These are
especially good for distilling (see distill(1)) into
PDF. The bitmapfonts device behaves in the manner
most common in other tex installations: it creates
bitmap versions of each font and includes them in
the document, resulting in portable yet medium sized
documents that don't convert well to PDF. If the
bitmap fonts needed do not exist, they will be cre-
ated on the fly, which takes a fair bit of time.
-L print paper in landscape mode.
-Z compress the fonts before sending them.
-Z0 don't compress the fonts before sending them.
The following environment variables affect dvips:
PKFONTS Search path for font bitmaps (PK files).
VFFONTS Search path for virtual font descriptions.
Dviselect selects pages from a .dvi file, creating a new
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.dvi file. A range is a string of the form first:last where
both first and last are optional numeric strings, with nega-
tive numbers indicated by a leading underscore character
(_). If both first and last are omitted, the colon may also
be omitted, or may be replaced with an asterisk (*). A TeX
page selector is a list of pages separated by periods. A
list of pages is described by a set of page TeX page selec-
tors, separated by commas and/or white space. Dviselect
actually looks at the ten count variables that TeX writes;
the first of these (\count0) is the page number, with
\count1 through \count9 having varied uses depending on
which macro packages are in use. (Typically \count1 is a
chapter or section number.) A page is included in
dviselect's output if all its \count values are within any
one of the ranges listed on the command line. For example,
the command `dviselect *.1,35:' might select everything in
chapter 1, as well as pages 35 and up.
Instead of \count values, dviselect can also select by abso-
lute page number, indicated by a leading equal sign (=).
Ranges of absolute pages are also allowed: `dviselect =3:7'
will extract the third through seventh pages.
Dvips understands some extended graphics commands that can
be output using tpic specials in the TeX source. Many of
them work by building up a path of x,y pairs, and then doing
something with the path. The tpic coordinate system has its
origin at the current dvi position when a drawing special is
emitted; all length arguments are in units of milli-inches,
and the y-axis goes positive downward.
\special{pa x y}
Add x,y to the current path.
\special{fp}
Flush the current path: draw it as a polygonal line and
reset the path to be empty.
\special{da dlen}
Like fp but draw dashed line, with dashes dlen milli-
inches long.
\special{dt slen}
Like fp but draw a dotted line, with dots slen apart.
\special{sp}
Like fp but draw a quadratic spline. The spline goes
through the midpoints of the segments of the path, and
straight pieces extend it to the endpoints.
\special{ar x y xr yr s e}
Draw a circular or elliptical arc with center at x,y
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and radii xr and yr. The arc goes clockwise from angle
s to angle e (angles measured clockwise from the posi-
tive x-axis).
\special{pn n}
Set line width (pen diameter) to nmilli-inches.
\special{bk}
Set shading to black (will fill the next object drawn
with black).
\special{sh}
Set shading to grey.
\special{wh}
Set shading to white.
\special{psfile=file options}
Include file, which should be a PostScript illustra-
tion, making its origin be the current dvi position.
The default PostScript transformation matrix will be in
effect, but it can be modified by the options, a list
of space-separated key=value assignments. Allowed keys
are: hoffset, voffset, hscale, vscale, angle, If sup-
plied, these values are supplied to PostScript
translate,scale, and rotate commands, in that order.
Also, keys hsize and vsize may be supplied, to cause
clipping to those sizes. Sizes and offsets should be
specified in points, angles should be specified in
degrees.
All of the specials leave TeX at the same position on the
page that it started in.
Mf runs metafont, a program that produces fonts for TeX. It
is used by dvips when bitmaps for a given font at a given
size do not exist.
Mktexlsr is used to generate ls-R files for quick path
searching. It simulates the Unix command ``ls -LAR .''.
FILES
Directory containing files directly supporting
the runtime environment of tex et al., such as .mem and
.pool files.
/sys/lib/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
Configuration file listing the default search paths
mentioned above.
/sys/lib/texmf/tex
Tex macros.
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/sys/lib/texmf/tex/latex
Latex macros.
/sys/lib/texmf/tex/latex/local
Locally installed latex macros.
/sys/lib/texmf/fonts
Fonts, fonts, and more fonts.
/sys/lib/texmf/dvips
Miscellaneous configuration files and PostScript head-
ers
/sys/lib/texmf/doc
Various documentation organized in the same manner as
/sys/lib/texmf.
/sys/lib/texmf/bin/$objtype, /sys/lib/texmf/bin/rc
Auxiliary programs, such as mktexlsr, used by tex and
friends.
SOURCE
/sys/src/cmd/tex
SEE ALSO
lp(1), mp(1), page(1), pic(1), proof(1), troff(1), delatex
in deroff(1)
D. E. Knuth, TheTEXbook, Addison-Wesley, 1984
L. Lamport, LaTeX, A Document Preparation System, Addison-
Wesley, 1985
H. Trickey, ``Latex User Guide'', Unix Research System
Programmer's Manual, Tenth Edition, Volume 2.
Various documents in /sys/lib/texmf/doc.
BUGS
Should be spelled τεχ.
The path notation is bizarre.
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