LS(1) LS(1)
NAME
ls - list files
SYNOPSIS
ls [ -lpqduntscr ] [ file... ]
DESCRIPTION
Ls lists the named files in an order and format determined
by its options. The options determining the output format
are:
-l Produce output in long format. The information
given in each column is as follows:
1. The permission mode of the file. This is for-
matted as 10 characters; the first is `d' if
the file is a directory, or `-' otherwise.
The remaining characters are in three groups
of three, each representing one permission
bit. Each character is either `r' (read per-
mission), `w' (write permission), `x' (exe-
cute permission) or `-' (no permission). The
three groups represent permissions granted
for that file to the file's owner, members of
the file's group and anybody else respec-
tively.
2. The device type (this is the `#' device let-
ter for local devices or `M' for files
mounted over a Styx connection).
3. The device instance number (this distin-
guishes between separately mounted instances
of the same device).
4. The file's owner.
5. The file's group.
7. The size of the file in bytes.
8. The date and time the file was last modified
(see also the -u and the -e options).
9. The name of the file.
-q Print the file's qid at the beginning of each
line.
-u Applicable only to the -l and -t options: causes
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LS(1) LS(1)
time-sorted listings to be listed by time of last
access, and the access time to be printed in
long-format listings instead of the modification
time.
-e Applicable only to the -l and -u options: causes
the time to be displayed as seconds since the
epoch.
-p Print each filename as a bare name, without the
name of the containing directory.
The other options relate to the order in which the listed
files are printed, and which files are selected. Usually,
each file that is a directory has its contents printed. The
-d option causes the directory itself to be listed. In a
union directory, it is possible for there to be two or more
instances of a file with the same name. The -c option
causes only the first one occurring to be listed. The
options relating to ordering are:
-n Do not sort the files at all.
-t Sort by modification time (most recent first) or
access time if the -u option is also specified.
-s Sort by size (smallest first).
-r Reverse the sort order.
SOURCE
/appl/cmd/ls.b
SEE ALSO
readdir(2), lc(1)
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