LS(1) LS(1)
NAME
ls, lc - list files
SYNOPSIS
ls [ -lpmnqduntscrFT ] [ file... ]
lc [ -lpmnqduntscrFT ] [ file... ]
DESCRIPTION
Ls lists the named files in an order and format determined
by its options. The options determining the output format
are:
-l Produce output in long format. The information
given in each column is as follows:
1. The permission mode of the file. This is for-
matted as 11 characters; the first is `d' if
the file is a directory, `a' if the file is
append-only, `A' if it is an authentication
file, or `-' otherwise. The next character
is `l' if the file is exclusive-use, or `-'
otherwise. The remaining characters are in
three groups of three, each representing one
permission bit. Each character is either `r'
(read permission), `w' (write permission),
`x' (execute permission) or `-' (no permis-
sion). The three groups represent permis-
sions granted for that file to the file's
owner, members of the file's group and any-
body else respectively.
2. The device type (this is the `#' device let-
ter for local devices or `M' for files
mounted over a 9P connection).
3. The device instance number (this distin-
guishes between separately mounted instances
of the same device).
4. The file's owner.
5. The file's group.
7. The size of the file in bytes.
8. The date and time the file was last modified
(see also the -u and the -e options).
9. The name of the file.
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LS(1) LS(1)
-m Print the name of the user who most recently modi-
fied the file.
-q Print the file's qid (see sys-stat(2)) at the
beginning of each line; the printed fields are in
the order path, version, and type.
-u Applicable only to the -l and -t options: causes
time-sorted listings to be listed by time of last
access, and the access time to be printed in
long-format listings instead of the modification
time.
-e Applicable only to the -l and -u options: causes
the time to be displayed as seconds since the
epoch.
-p Print each filename as a bare name, without the
name of the containing directory.
The other options relate to the order in which the listed
files are printed, and which files are selected. Usually,
each file that is a directory has its contents printed. The
-d option causes the directory itself to be listed. In a
union directory, it is possible for there to be two or more
instances of a file with the same name. The -c option
causes only the first one occurring to be listed. The
options relating to ordering are:
-n Do not sort the files at all.
-t Sort by modification time (most recent first) or
access time if the -u option is also specified.
-s Sort by size (smallest first).
-r Reverse the sort order.
-F Add the character / after all directory names and
the character * after all executable files.
-T Print the character t before each file if it has
the temporary flag set, and - otherwise.
Lc is the same as ls, but sets the -p option and pipes the
output through mc(1).
SOURCE
/appl/cmd/ls.b
/dis/lc
SEE ALSO
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LS(1) LS(1)
readdir(2), mc(1)
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