9C(1) 9C(1)
NAME
9c, 9a, 9l, 9ar - C compiler, assembler, linker, archiver
SYNOPSIS
9c [ -I path ] [ -D name ] file ...
9a file ...
9l [ -o target ] object ... [ library ... ] [ -Lpath ...
] [ -lname ... ]
9ar key [ posname ] afile [ file ... ]
DESCRIPTION
These programs are shell scripts that invoke the appropriate
standard tools for the current operating system and archi-
tecture. One can use them to write portable recipes for
mkfiles.
9c compiles the named C files into object files for the cur-
rent system. The system C compiler is invoked with warnings
enabled. The -I option adds path to the include path, and
the -D option defines name in the C preprocessor. 9c always
defines the symbol PLAN9PORT defined in the C preprocessor
and adds $PLAN9/include to the include path.
9c also defines __sun__ on SunOS systems and __Linux26__ on
Linux systems with 2.6-series kernels.
9a assembles the named files into object files for the cur-
rent system. Unlike some system assemblers, it does not
promise to run the C preprocessor on the source files.
9l links the named object files and libraries to create the
target executable. Each -l option specifies that a library
named libname.a be found and linked. The -L option adds
directories to the library search path. 9l invokes the sys-
tem linker with $PLAN9/lib already on the library search
path.
9l searches the named objects and libraries for symbols of
the form __p9l_autolib_name, which it takes as indication
that it should link $PLAN9/lib/libname.a as well. It also
examines such libraries to find their own dependencies. A
single -l option at the beginning of the command line dis-
ables this behavior. The symbol __p9l_autolib_name is added
to an object file by the macro AUTOLIB( name ), defined in
<u.h>. Header files associated with libraries contain
AUTOLIB annotations; ordinary programs need not use them.
Due to shortcomings in the implementation, a source file may
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9C(1) 9C(1)
not contain the same AUTOLIB statement multiple times.
9ar maintains object file archives called libraries. The
exact set of valid command keys varies from system to sys-
tem, but 9ar always provides the following key characters:
d Delete files from the archive file.
r Replace files in the archive file, or add them if miss-
ing.
t List a table of contents of the archive. If names are
given, only those files are listed.
x Extract the named files. If no names are given, all
files in the archive are extracted. In neither case
does x alter the archive file.
v Verbose. Give a file-by-file description of the making
of a new archive file from the old archive and the con-
stituent files. With t, give a long listing of all
information about the files, somewhat like a listing by
ls(1), showing
mode uid/gid size date name
c Create. Normally 9ar will create a new archive when
afile does not exist, and give a warning. Option c
discards any old contents and suppresses the warning.
When a d, r, or m key is specified, 9ar inserts a table of
contents, required by the linker, at the front of the
library. The table of contents is rebuilt whenever the
archive is modified.
EXAMPLES
9c file1.c file2.c file3.c
Compile three C source files.
9a file4.s
Assemble one assembler source file.
9ar rvc lib.a file[12].o
Archive the first two object files into a library.
9l -o prog file3.o file4.o lib.a
Link the final two object files and any necessary
objects from the library into an executable.
SOURCE
/usr/local/plan9/bin
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